Establishment of a productive stand is a major hurdle for many forage producers. Weed control is usually a major problem for those who seed in the spring. The competition of weeds for nutrients and moisture can be substantial. Late summer seeding is an option that may improve the probability of achieving a productive stand. For those interested in seeding forage crops this summer, it's time to start making plans. Some suggestions for summer seeding are described below.

Timing — It's important to seed early enough to allow for adequate growth of both legumes and grasses before winter starts. The amount of growth achieved in late summer and fall is directly related to the probability of the newly seeded crop surviving the winter. More fall growth equals a higher probability of survival. Seeding should be completed in early August in northern Minnesota

Don't Forget the Lime — A soil pH above 6.5 improves the probability of establishing forage legumes. Soil pH is not that critical for grass establishment. Apply lime, if needed, before seeding. The lime should be incorporated to a depth of 4 to 6 inches. Improved nodulation is a major benefit of lime use. The highest percentage of nodules on the roots of forage legumes is usually found in the top 6 inches of the root zone. The results of a soil test will report the amount of lime needed. Lime has little or no value if topdressed on the surface of established stands. Research has shown that lime, if needed, will improve production of many forage legumes — not just alfalfa.

Phosphate and Potash Can Be Important — An adequate, but not excessive, supply of plant nutrients in the top 6 inches of the root zone can improve the probability of a successful establishment. Broadcast the suggested rate of phosphate and/or potash and incorporate before seeding. The rates needed are determined from the results of a soil test.